- Table numbers in parentheses are increases or decreases from the FY25 Request
- FY25 requested levels come from the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation’s Fiscal Year 2025 Defense Budget Request Briefing Book
- Numbers may not add due to rounding
Total National Defense Discretionary Spending Request (050)
| Allocation | FY25 Request | House | Senate | Final |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Defense | $850 billion | $850 billion (+$330 million) | $875 billion (+$26 billion) | $850 billion (+400 million) |
| Department of Energy | $34 billion | $33 billion (-$463 million) | $33 billion (-$387 million) | $33 billion (-$500 million) |
| Other Defense-Related Activities | $11.5 billion | $11.6 billion (+$132 million) | $11.5 billion | $11.6 billion (+$134 million) |
| Total, National Defense Spending Request | $895 billion | $895 billion | $920 billion (+$25 billion) | $895 billion |
DOD Nuclear Weapons Funding Request for Select Programs
| Program | FY25 Request | House | Senate | Final |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ground Based Strategic Deterrent (GBSD)/Sentinel | $3.7 billion | $3.7 billion | $3.7 billion | $3.9 billion (+$200 million) |
| Columbia Class Ballistic Missile Submarine | $9.7 billion | $9.7 billion (+$7 million) | $9.7 billion | $9.7 billion (+$2 million) |
| Trident II Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile | $1.8 billion | $1.8 billion | $1.8 billion | $1.8 billion |
| Sea Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N) | $0 | $190 million (+$190 million) | $252 million (+$252 million) | $252 million (+252 million) |
| W93 Mk7 Aeroshell | $287 million | $287 million | $287 million | $287 million |
| B-21 Strategic Bomber | $5.3 billion | $5.3 billion | $5.5 billion (+202 million) | $5.3 billion |
| F-35 Dual Capable Aircraft Nuclear Certification | $21.6 million | $21.6 million | $21.6 million | $21.6 million |
| B-52 Upgrades | $1 billion | $1 billion | $1 billion | $1 billion |
| Long Range Standoff Weapon (LRSO) | $833.8 million | $833.8 million | $833.8 million | $833.8 million |
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Request
| Program | FY25 Request | House | Senate | Final |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal Salaries and Expenses | $564.6 million | $539 million (-$25 million) | $567 million (+$2.7 million) | $539 million (-$25 million) |
| Weapons Activities | $19.9 billion | $20 billion (+$127 million) | $19.9 billion (+$51.2 million) | $20 billion (+$132 million) |
| Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation | $2.5 billion | $2.4 billion (-$20 million) | $2.5 billion (-$13.9 million) | $2.5 billion (-$14 million) |
| Naval Reactors | $2.1 billion | $2 billion (-$120 million) | $2.1 billion (-$18.9 million) | $2 billion (-$150 million) |
| Total, National Nuclear Security Administration | $25 billion | $25 billion (-$38 million) | $25 billion (+$21.1 million) | $25 billion (-$57 million) |
DOE Nuclear Weapons Funding Request for Select Programs
| Program | FY25 Request | House | Senate | Final |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B61-12 Gravity Bomb | $27.5 million | $27.5 million | $27.5 million | $27.5 million |
| B61-13 Gravity Bomb | $16 million | $16 million | $16 million | $16 million |
| W80-4 Nuclear Warhead | $1.2 billion | $1.2 billion | $1.2 billion | $1.2 billion |
| W80-4 Alt SLCM Nuclear Warhead | $0 | $70 million (+$70 million) | $70 million (+$70 million) | $70 million (+$70 million) |
| W87-1 Nuclear Warhead | $1.1 billion | $1.1 billion | $1.1 billion | $1.1 billion |
| W88 Nuclear Warhead | $79 million | $79 million | $79 million | $79 million |
| W93 Nuclear Warhead | $455.8 million | $455.8 million | $455.8 million | $455.8 million |
| Stockpile Sustainment | $1.4 billion | $1.4 billion | $1.4 billion (-$2.2 million) | $1.4 billion |
| Weapons Dismantlement and Disposition | $54 million | $49.1 million (-$5 million) | $54 million | $54 million |
Plutonium Modernization
| Program | FY25 Request | House | Senate | Final |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plutonium Modernization -- Los Alamos National Lab | $1.5 billion | $1.5 billion | $1.5 billion | $1.5 billion |
| Plutonium Modernization -- Savannah River Site | $1.3 billion | $1.3 billion | $1.3 billion | $1.3 billion |
| Total, Plutonium Modernization | $2.9 billion | $2.9 billion | $2.9 billion | $2.9 billion |
Select Provisions Related to Nuclear Weapons
➤ Prohibition on New START Notifications and Data Exchanges
House: Prohibits notifications, data sharing, inspection activities and telemetric activities outlined under the New START Treaty (Sec. 1231)
Senate: No similar provision
Final: Adopts the House provision (Sec. 1304)
➤ Changes to Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense Programs (ASD(NCB))
House: No similar provision
Senate: Restructures ASD(NCB) into Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Deterrence Policy and Programs placing increased emphasis on nuclear weapons programs. Allows new position to communicate directly with the Secretary of Defense “without approval or concurrence” from other Pentagon officials (Sec. 1525)
Final: Adopts the Senate provision (Sec. 1621)
➤ Modified Report on Nuclear Weapons Enterprise
House: No similar provision
Senate: Makes report on the plan for the nuclear weapons stockpile, nuclear weapons complex, nuclear weapons delivery systems, and nuclear weapons command and control system biennial instead of annual (Sec. 1042)
Final: Adopts Senate provision (Sec. 1624)
➤ B-52 Nuclear Capability
House: Authorizes the Air Force to restore the nuclear capability of the B-52 bomber (Sec. 1628)
Senate: Authorizes the Air Force to restore nuclear capability of the B-52 bomber and add $4.5 million in Air Force procurement funding to prioritize expansion of nuclear long-range standoff capability (LRSO) (Sec. 1522) (Sec. 1524)
Final: Adopts the Senate provision but makes the language permissive rather than directive (Sec. 1626)
➤ Modification of SLCM-N Warhead
House: Provides flexibility for use of a warhead other than the W80-4 ALT for the nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile (SLCM-N) (Sec. 1621)
Senate: Provides flexibility for use of a warhead other than the W80-4 ALT for the nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile (SLCM-N), requires the establishment of a separate program element for the SLCM-N beginning with the FY2026 budget request, limits travel funding for the Secretary of the Navy until a SLCM-N program office has been established and staffed (Sec. 1513)
Final: Adopts the Senate provision but changes the funding limitation from 50% to 90% (Sec. 1627)
➤ Conditional Requirements for Sentinel Program
House: Places certain conditions on the Sentinel program if it is certified under the Nunn-McCurdy process (Sec. 1625)
Senate: No similar provision
Final: Adopts House provision with additional report requirement if Sentinel program receives Milestone B approval (Sec. 1629)
➤ Deployed ICBMs
House: Prohibits reducing the number of deployed intercontinental ballistic missiles below 400 (Sec. 1624)
Senate: Prohibits reducing the number of deployed intercontinental ballistic missiles below 400 with the exception of facilitating the transition from Minuteman III to Sentinel (Sec. 1515)
Final: Adopts the Senate provision with an additional Sense of Congress amendment that expresses the vital nature of replacing the ground-based leg of the nuclear triad (Sec. 1630)
➤ B83 Retirement
House: Prohibits retirement of B83-1 bombs unless the commander of Strategic Command certifies that it is in the interest of the United States to do so and limits funding until a strategy to address hard and deeply buried targets is submitted (Sec. 1623)
Senate: No similar provision
Final: Adopts the House provision (Sec. 1632)
➤ Plan for Decreased Time to Upload Additional Warheads to ICBMs
House: No similar provision
Senate: Limits funding for the Secretary of the Air Force’s travel until the plan to decrease upload time for additional warheads on ICBMs, required by the FY2024 NDAA, is submitted (Sec. 1520)
Final: Adopts Senate provision but adjusts funding limitation from 70% to 80% (Sec. 1633)
➤ Preparation for Possible Deployment of Additional ICBMs
House: No similar provision
Senate: Requires development of a plan to deploy up to 450 Sentinel ICBMs rather than the 400 Minuteman III ICBMs currently deployed, alternative acquisition strategy to enable higher deployment, and a report on both to Congress. Russian unwillingness to engage in strategic arms control dialogue is specifically mentioned as a motivator in the committee report (Sec. 1516)
Final: Does not include either provision but directs the Pentagon to provide a briefing on this topic no later than September 1, 2025 (Directive Report Language)
➤ Plan for Strategic Nuclear Weapons Availability
House: Requires the Commander of Strategic Command to submit a plan for deployed strategic nuclear warheads during the transition from the Minuteman III to Sentinel delivery system (Sec. 1622)
Senate: No similar provision
Final: Adopts House provision (Sec. 1636)
➤ Reports on Strategic Posture Commission Recommendations
House: Requires annual reports on Department of Defense implementation of the Strategic Posture Commission’s recommendations (Sec. 1626)
Senate: Requires a DOD assessment of the Strategic Posture Commission report including a review of the approximately 80 recommendations made by the report (Sec. 1512)
Senate: Expressed concern regarding deteriorating international security situation, support for deterrence of strategic attacks, and promise to take “all required actions” to ensure DOD and DOE have resources to meet emerging strategic threats (Sec. 1511)
Final: Adopts House provision (Sec. 1637)
➤ Artificial Intelligence and Strategic Deterrence
House: Declares U.S. policy to keep a “human in the loop” for critical nuclear weapons decisions (Sec. 1627)
Senate: No similar provision
Final: Adopts House provision but changes statement of policy to require “positive human actions” instead of “human in the loop” (Sec. 1638)
➤ Report of Nuclear Force Sizing Requirements
House: No similar provision
Senate: Requires a strategy from DOD and the Chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for the United States to deter simultaneous aggression by two near-peer nuclear competitors (Sec. 1514)
Final: Does not adopt Senate provision but directs the Pentagon and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs to provide such a strategy to Congress no later than a year after enactment (Directive Report Language)
➤ B61-13 and W80-X
House: No similar provision
Senate: Authorize programs for the modification or development of the B61-13 gravity bomb and a variation of the W80 weapon for the SLCM-N. The provision would also require the Secretary of Energy to provide a final nomenclature for the SLCM–N weapon, temporarily designated as the “W80–X” (Sec. 3112)
Final: Adopts only the B61-13 portion of the Senate provision as the SLCM-N warhead is addressed elsewhere (Sec. 3114)
➤ W76-2 Retirement
House: Prohibits the use of funds to reconvert or retire a W76–2 warhead (Sec. 3112)
Senate: No similar provision
Final: Adopts House provision (Sec. 3117)
➤ Domestic Uranium Enrichment
House: No similar provision
Senate: Requires the Secretary of Energy to identify and assess possible locations best suited for a modular, scalable uranium enrichment facility, and provide a report to the congressional defense committees on the results of this assessment including cost estimates for beginning construction in 2027 (Sec. 3114)
Final: Adopts Senate provision (Sec. 3123)
Missile Defeat and Defense Funding Request Total and Select Systems
| Program | FY25 Request | House | Senate | Final |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) | $731.7 million | $671.8 million (-$59.9 million) | $731.7 million | $671.5 million (-$60.2 million) |
| Ground-Based Midcourse Defense/Next Generation Interceptor | $2.7 billion | $2.7 billion | $2.7 billion | $2.7 billion (-$4.2 million) |
| Iron Dome | $110 million | $110 million | $110 million | $110 million |
| Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense | $1.4 billion | $1.6 billion (+$190 million | $1.6 billion (+$155.5 million) | $1.8 billion (+$405 million) |
| Guam Integrated Air and Missile defense System | $438.4 million | $515.7 million (+$77.3 million) | $516 million (+$77 million) | $515 million (+$76.5 million) |
Select Provisions Related to Missile Defense
➤ Third Continental Missile Interceptor Site
House: Requires the establishment of a third continental United States interceptor site on the East Coast of the United States (Sec. 1633)
Senate: No similar provision
Final: Adopts House provision but removes specific mention of Fort Drum (Sec. 1642)
➤ Establishment of Integrated Air and Missile Defense Architecture
House: Required a report on current or new sensor and interceptor capabilities for defending critical infrastructure (Sec. 1057)
Senate: Requires the Secretary of Defense, the Chair of the Joint Chiefs, the Director of the Missile Defense Agency and the Commanders of NORTHCOM and SPACECOM to develop a comprehensive integrated architecture for defending the United States against all forms of missile attacks (Sec. 1531)
Final: Adopts Senate provision but eliminates certain reporting requirements and requires the Pentagon to designate a senior official to be responsible for a national integrated air and missile defense architecture (Sec.1655)
Miscellaneous Programs and Provisions of Interest
➤ Pay Raise
House: Authorizes a 19.5% pay raise for junior enlisted servicemembers and supports a 4.5% pay raise for all other servicemembers
Senate: Authorizes a 4.5% pay raise for servicemembers and 2% pay raise for DOD civilian employees
Final: Authorizes a 14.5% pay raise for junior enlisted servicemembers and a 4.5% raise for the rest of the DoD, effective April 1.
➤ CTR Funds
House: Authorizes $350.1 million, the requested level, for the Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program (Sec. 1642)
Senate: Authorizes $350.1 million, the requested level, for the Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program (Sec. 1301)
Final: The House provision was adopted (Sec. 1651)
Final Passage
The House passed the bill in a 281-140 vote.
As of the publishing of this analysis, the Senate has not taken up the compromise NDAA.
