“The failure in flight-intercept tests is all the more surprising, because these tests are highly scripted to achieve success. If these tests were planned to fool US defenses, as a real enemy would do, the failure rate would be even worse,” said Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation senior science advisor Philip E. Coyle III. Coyle, a former director of operational tests and evaluation with the DoD, is a renowned expert on ballistic missiles.