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A. Treaties:
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Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty
House: Sections 1243 and 1244: Authorizes $25 million to establish a program of record to develop a conventional road-mobile ground-launched cruise missile system that, if tested or deployed, would violate the INF Treaty.
Senate: Section 1635: Authorizes $65 million to establish a program of record for research and development of a dual-capable road-mobile ground-launched missile system that, if tested or deployed, would violate the INF Treaty. This section also requires a report to be issued by the Secretary of Defense within 120 days of enactment before any appropriations are authorized.
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House: Section 1245: If Russia remains in violation of INF Treaty, Article VI of the INF Treaty (which prohibits production or flight-testing of any INF-range missiles) is no longer binding law of the United States.
Senate: No similar provision.
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Open Skies Treaty
House: Section 1235 (a): Restricts funding for implementation of the Open Skies Treaty until the President submits a plan that includes objectives for all planned U.S. flights under the treaty for a fiscal year.
Senate: No similar provision.
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House: Section 1235 (b): Prohibits funding to modify United States aircraft technology under the Open Skies Treaty.
Senate: No similar provision.
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New Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (New START)
House: Section 1246: Prevents funding to extend New START beyond 2021 unless Russia has verifiably come back into compliance with the INF Treaty.
Senate: No similar provision.
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Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO)
House: Section 1270A: Restricts funding for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), except for the International Monitoring System (IMS).
Senate: No similar provision.
B. General Nuclear:
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Ground Based Strategic Deterrent (GBSD)
House: Section 1671: Prohibits funding to retain the option for, or develop, a mobile variant of GBSD.
Senate: No similar provision.
C. Non-Proliferation:
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HEU to LEU Reactors
House: Section 3116: Authorizes $5 million for research and development to develop an advanced naval nuclear fuel system based on low-enriched uranium.
Senate: No similar provision.
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Nuclear Security Cooperation with Russia
House: Section 3117: Restricts funding to work with Russia on nuclear security, unless the Secretary of Energy, with the concurrence of the Secretaries of State and Defense, certifies that a nuclear-related threat has arisen in Russia.
Senate: No similar provision.
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Non-Proliferation Program Budgetary Differences (in Thousands of Dollars) Bold=Lower
| Program | House | Senate |
| International Nuclear Security | 46,339 | 66,339 |
| Radiological Security | 146,340 | 166,340 |
| Nuclear Smuggling Detection | 139,429 | 204,429 |
| Nuclear Material Removal | 37,925 | 32,925 |
| Nonproliferation and Arms Control | 129,703 | 200,000 |
| Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation R&D | 451,095 | 446,095 |
| Low Enriched Uranium R&D for Naval Reactors | 5,000 | 0 |
D. Missile Defense:
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Ground-based Midcourse Defense
House: Section 1699 F: Authorizes the increase of Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) interceptors by up to 28.
Senate: Section 1653: Similar provision, but this section takes an additional step by mandating that the Secretary of Defense deploys 14 additional interceptors by December 31, 2021 “as soon as technically feasible.”