Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation

The 1992 Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) limited key armaments from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ural Mountains between NATO and the Warsaw Treaty Organization. These constraints were intended to impede each bloc’s ability to launch surprise attacks or large-scale offensives. Discussions began in the 1970s between the two organizations as the […]

The 1967 Outer Space Treaty, also known as the “Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies,” is a multilateral agreement initiated by the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union. Its primary objective was the implementation of […]

The 1979 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II) was a bilateral agreement between the United States and Soviet Union that was negotiated during the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks from 1969-1972. SALT I, the first round, resulted in two agreements: the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty and the Interim Agreement. However, due to […]

The 1972 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I (Interim Agreement), among others, resulted from four years of dialogue between the United States and the Soviet Union known as the Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT). The primary objective of both parties was to curb the rapid armament of offensive strategic ballistic missiles, both on land and at […]

The second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START II) was an agreement on the reduction and limitation of offensive arms signed by U.S. President George H.W. Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin in 1993. Though the convention never came into force, it would have banned the use of multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs) on intercontinental […]