by Mathew Montiel* How do we govern knowledge? Can we control knowledge? If I gave you blueprints for an LGM-35 Sentinel Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, could you build it? Thankfully, most of us could not. But it’s not because we can’t figure it out; it’s because there are still significant gaps between expertise, infrastructure and materials […]
Multilateral Export Control Regimes
Attacking the Brain: Why NC3 Needs a Treaty
by Roc Iore* Your arms, legs, joints, and muscles are functioning correctly, as are your eyes, ears, brain and nervous system. Even if you live in a competitive environment with other people around you, everyone agrees not to attack each other’s bodies. Everyone can also attack each other’s ability to see, hear, feel and make […]
3 Lessons From Switzerland’s Weak Punishment of Nuclear Smugglers
By Abby Wagner, Policy Intern, Summer 2025 Nearly 20 years ago, Switzerland let a family of nuclear smugglers off the hook. That choice revealed how a narrow concept of neutrality, weak export laws and greed can fuel nuclear proliferation and threaten global security. After recent Israeli and American strikes on Iranian nuclear sites, there has […]
Printers of Mass Destruction: Seeking Pathways to Curb the Threat of Additive Manufacturing
by Ivan Siluianov* Today, the world is inundated with 3D-printed guns, which are used in major armed conflicts, terrorist attacks, and homicides. While UN member states are trying to address the impact of these weapons, one question arises: Are 3D-printers — barely regulated and widely accessible — capable of enabling the production of components for […]
Fact Sheet: Additive Manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging means of production in which objects are created by layering materials in precise geometric shapes according to a predetermined design. This contrasts with traditional “subtractive” manufacturing in which material is pared, milled, carved, or otherwise reduced to shape an object. Additive manufacturing refers to the general manufacturing process that […]
