Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging means of production in which objects are created by layering materials in precise geometric shapes according to a predetermined design. This contrasts with traditional “subtractive” manufacturing in which material is pared, milled, carved, or otherwise reduced to shape an object. Additive manufacturing refers to the general manufacturing process that […]
Multilateral Export Control Regimes
Fact Sheet: The Australia Group
At a Glance The Australia Group (AG) is a group of 42 countries and the European Union dedicated to preventing the spread and proliferation of chemical and biological weapons through the coordination of export control policies. The AG facilitates compliance with the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC). All […]
Fact Sheet: The Wassenaar Arrangement
At a Glance The Wassenaar Arrangement (WA) is a voluntary multilateral export control regime that provides members a space to exchange information regarding exports of sensitive conventional weapons and dual-use goods and technologies in hopes of preventing the proliferation of such items. It was formed in 1996 as the successor to the Cold War-era Coordinating […]
Fact Sheet: Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
At a Glance The Nuclear Suppliers Group is a group of potential nuclear supplier countries that follow guidelines for nuclear-related exports in efforts to promote nuclear non-proliferation while complying with Article IV of the NPT requirements to foster cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Since participation is voluntary, there are 48 “participating governments.” History […]
Fact Sheet: The Zangger Committee
At a Glance The Zangger Committee (also known as the NPT Exports Committee or ZAC) is tasked with maintaining a Trigger List of nuclear materials and equipment that are subject to safeguards in accordance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Currently, there are 38 states party and the European Union is a permanent observer. History […]